Use Indirect Truth Tables to Determine Whether Each of the Following

question 233

Multiple Choice

use indirect truth tables to determine whether each of the following arguments is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-D ⊃ (E $\lor$ F)
D ⊃ (G $\lor$ F)
∼(F $\lor$ H) / D ⊃ (E • G)

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when D, E and F are true and G and H are false
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when D and E are true and F, G, and H are false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when D, G, and H are true and E and F are false
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when D and G are true and E, F, and H are false

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Definitions:

Long-run Equilibrium

A state in which all factors of production and costs are variable, allowing firms to make adjustments until they reach a point of no economic profit or loss.

Perfectly Competitive Market

A market structure characterized by numerous small firms, identical products, and easy entry and exit, leading to a situation where no single firm can influence market prices.

Average Total Cost

The total cost of production divided by the quantity of output produced; encompasses both fixed and variable costs.

Long-run Equilibrium

A state where all the factors of production in an economy are being used in the most efficient way, leading to a situation where there is no tendency for change.