Use Indirect Truth Tables to Determine Whether Each of the Following

question 90

Multiple Choice

use indirect truth tables to determine whether each of the following arguments is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-(H ⊃ ∼I) • ∼J
∼I ⊃ [(J $\lor$ K) • (J $\lor$ H) ]
∼H $\lor$ (K ⊃ L) / L ⊃ ∼H

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when H, I, K, and L are true and I is false
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when H, I, and L are true and J and K are false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when H, K, and L are true and I and J are false
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when H, J, and L are true and I and K are false

---

Definitions:

Cloth Mother

An experimental apparatus used in psychology to demonstrate the importance of caregiving and attachment in infant monkeys.

Provision of Nourishment

The act of supplying food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition.

Imprinting

A form of learning occurring at a particular life stage that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.

Younger Sister

A female sibling who is born after another sibling, denoting her relative age position within the family.