Construct a Complete Truth Table for Each of the Following

question 12

Multiple Choice

Construct a complete truth table for each of the following arguments. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-E ≡ F
F ⊃ ∼E / E

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when E and F are true
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when E is true and F is false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when E is false and F is true
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when E and F are false

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Definitions:

Passive Resistance

A non-violent way of protesting or opposing authority by refusing to cooperate or acquiesce to commands or laws.

Sabotage

Deliberate actions aimed at damaging, disrupting, or undermining the operations of an organization or system.

Preventive Maintenance

Regular and systematic inspection, cleaning, and repair of equipment and facilities to prevent sudden failure and ensure operational efficiency.

Continuous Improvement

An ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements.