Construct a Complete Truth Table for Each of the Following

question 88

Multiple Choice

Construct a complete truth table for each of the following arguments. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-P ⊃ ∼Q
R ⊃ P / R ⊃ ∼Q

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when R, P, and Q are true
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when R and P are true and Q is false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when Q is true and R and P are false
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when R, P, and Q are false

---

Definitions:

Competitive Price-searcher

A model where firms set their own prices due to product differentiation and face a downward-sloping demand curve, unlike in perfect competition.

Horizontal Line

A straight line that moves left to right (or right to left) on a graph and has a slope of zero, indicating no change in the variable it measures.

Marginal Revenue

The increased earnings from the sale of one more unit of a product or service.

Total Revenue

The overall financial gain a business obtains from the sale of goods or delivery of services within a specific timeframe.