Use Indirect Truth Tables to Determine Whether Each of the Following

question 113

Multiple Choice

use indirect truth tables to determine whether each of the following arguments is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)
-(U • ∼V) $\lor$ W
W ≡ ∼V / ∼U

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when U, V, and W are true
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when U and V are true and W is false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when U and W are true and V is false
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when U is true and V and W are false

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Definitions:

Sensory Crossover

The phenomenon where stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to automatic experiences in a second sensory pathway.

Synesthesia

A condition in which one sense is simultaneously perceived as if by one or more additional senses, such as seeing sound.

Specific Nerve Energies

The theory that different sensory nerves convey specific sensations to the brain.

Sensory Receptor

A specialized neuron that detects a specific type of stimulus and converts it into an electrical signal in the nervous system.