Determine Whether the Given Argument Is Valid or Invalid D) Invalid

question 180

Multiple Choice

determine whether the given argument is valid or invalid. If it is invalid, select a counterexample.
-1. (?x) [Lx ? (?y) (My • Nxy) ]
2) (?x) [Lx • (?y) Nxy] / (?x) [Mx • (?y) Nyx]

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample in a domain of one member, in which:
• La: True Ma: True Naa: False
• C) Invalid. Counterexample in a domain of two members, in which:
• \(\begin{array}{llll}
• \text { La: False } & \text { Ma: True } & \text { Naa: True } & \text { Nba: True } \\
• \text { Lb:True } & \text { Mb: True } & \text { Nab: True } & \text { Nbb: False }
• \end{array}\)
• D) Invalid. Counterexample in a domain of two members, in which:
• \(\begin{array}{llll}
• \text { La: True } & \text { Ma: False } & \text { Naa: True } & \text { Nba: False } \\
• \text { Lb: False } & \text { Mb: True } & \text { Nab: True } & \text { Nbb: False }
• \end{array}\)
• E) Invalid. Counterexample in a domain of two members, in which: La: True Ma: False Naa: True Nba: True
• Lb: False Mb: True Nab: False Nbb: False

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