Determine Whether the Given Proposition Is a Logical Truth or Not

question 11

Multiple Choice

determine whether the given proposition is a logical truth or not. If it is not a logical truth, select a false valuation.
-[(P • Q) ≡ (R $\lor$ S) ] ⊃ [(P • ∼R) ⊃ S]

• A) Logical truth
• B) Not a logical truth. False valuation when P, Q, and R are true and S is false
• C) Not a logical truth. False valuation when P is true and Q, R, and S are false
• D) Not a logical truth. False valuation when P and Q are true and R and S are false
• E) Not a logical truth. False valuation when Q is true and P, R, and S are false

Analyze the impact of cognitive biases on personal and economic decisions.

Understand the concept of heuristics and its applications in daily life and decision-making.

Explain the influence of social context and media on perception and decision-making.

Describe the effects of overconfidence and planning fallacy on behavior and decision outcomes.

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Definitions:

Poorly Made Tests

Describes tests that are flawed in design, reliability, validity, or fairness, leading to inaccurate or misleading assessment outcomes.

Teaching

The process or profession of instructing students or participants to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue.

Labeling

The process of classifying and naming mental health disorders and their symptoms.

Standard Score

A statistical measure that expresses an individual's score relative to an average or mean score of a standardized test, often using a known standard deviation to scale the results.