Determine Whether the Given Argument Is Valid or Invalid $\lor$

question 3

Essay

determine whether the given argument is valid or invalid. If it is valid, provide a derivation of the conclusion from the premises. If it is invalid, provide a counterexample.
-1. ∼(M $\lor$ N)
2. ∼M ⊃ (O ⊃ P)
3. O ≡ P / O

Recognize the roles and responsibilities of an effective leader at the conclusion of a group session.

Identify the outcomes of using coercive power in conflict resolution within groups.

Understand the importance and process of setting operational and measurable group goals.

Discuss the characteristics and purposes of different types of groups, including nominal, maintenance, and competitive groups.

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Definitions:

Siltstone

A sedimentary rock composed of consolidated silt-sized particles, generally mostly quartz.

Shale

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed from clay and silt particles that tend to split along bedding planes.

Siltstone

A sedimentary rock composed mainly of silt-sized particles, formed by compaction and cementation of silt.

Shale

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed from clay-sized particles that are compacted and often used as source rock for oil and gas.