Determine Whether the Argument Is Valid or Invalid $\lor$

question 227

Multiple Choice

determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If it is invalid, select a counterexample.
-1. ∼A $\lor$ B
2) ∼B ⊃ (C ⊃ D)
3) C ≡ ∼D / ∼C

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when A, B, and C are true and D is false
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when A and C are true and B and D are false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when C is true and A, B, and D are false
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when B, C, and D are true and A is false

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