Determine Whether the Argument Is Valid or Invalid $\lor$

question 295

Multiple Choice

determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If it is invalid, select a counterexample.
-1. D ⊃ (E • F)
2) D ≡ (E $\lor$ ∼F) / ∼E ⊃ ∼D

• A) Valid
• B) Invalid. Counterexample when D, E, and F are false
• C) Invalid. Counterexample when F is true and D and E are false
• D) Invalid. Counterexample when D, E, and F are true
• E) Invalid. Counterexample when D and F are true and E is false

---

Definitions:

Cognitive Dissonance

The inner conflict encountered by someone who possesses multiple beliefs, ideas, or values that contradict each other at the same time.

Attitude Accessibility

Refers to the ease with which an attitude can be retrieved from memory.

Peripheral Route

A persuasion method that involves indirect cues like attractiveness or celebrity endorsement to influence attitudes or behaviors, rather than direct, logical arguments.

Implicit Route

This key term does not refer to a widely recognized concept in psychology or cognitive science. NO.