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derive the conclusions of each of the following arguments using the rules of inference from section 3.3 (MP, MT, DS, HS, Add, Conj, Simp, CD, DM, Dist, Assoc, Com, DN).
-1. ?E ? F
2. G • ?E / F
LCL
stands for Lower Control Limit, which is a line on a control chart that represents the lower acceptable limit of process variability or performance.
Permutation Test
A non-parametric statistical test that assesses the significance of the difference between groups by rearranging the data points among the groups many times and calculating the differences for each rearrangement.
Null Hypothesis
A statement suggesting that there is no significant difference or effect, and any observed difference is due to chance.
Identical Populations
Populations in statistical studies that have exactly the same characteristics, distributions, and parameters.
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