Determine Whether the Given Argument Is Valid or Invalid $\lor$

question 3

Essay

determine whether the given argument is valid or invalid. If it is valid, provide a derivation of the conclusion from the premises. If it is invalid, provide a counterexample.
-1. ∼(M $\lor$ N)
2. ∼M ⊃ (O ⊃ P)
3. O ≡ P / O

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Definitions:

Operating Cycle

The period it takes for a business to purchase inventory, sell products, and convert the sales back into cash, essentially measuring the time span from buying raw materials to receiving cash from sales.

Inventory Turnover Rate

A measure of how quickly a company sells and replaces its stock of goods within a given period, indicating the efficiency of its inventory management.

Opportunity Cost

The expense associated with foregoing the next most favorable option when a choice is made.