Based on the Outcome of Hart and Risley's 1995 Study

question 51

Multiple Choice

Based on the outcome of Hart and Risley's 1995 study, which conclusion is not valid?

• A) Children growing up in poor households tend to have smaller vocabularies than children growing up in privileged homes.
• B) A child who is exposed to less language in childhood is more likely to have difficulties learning to read, regardless of the parents' education levels.
• C) Children of parents with very low levels of education can have large vocabularies if they are exposed to a great deal of language at home.
• D) A child growing up in a poor household hearing a great deal of language will likely have a smaller vocabulary than a child from a privileged household who is exposed to less language.

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Definitions:

Probability Level

The likelihood or chance that a particular event will occur, often measured by a numerical value ranging from 0 (impossibility) to 1 (certainty).

Size of the Effect

The magnitude of the difference or relationship between variables, often used to understand the practical significance of research findings.

Partial Correlation

A numerical index that reflects the relationship between two variables with the removal of the influence of a third variable (called a mediating or confounding variable).

Absolute Value

A numerical value without regard to its sign, often represented as the distance of a number from zero on the real number line.