Refer to the Figure

question 23

Essay

Refer to the figure.
Hauser et al. (2001) conducted an experiment with tamarin monkeys that was very similar to Saffran et al.'s 1996 study investigating transitional probabilities. They found that after listening to a 20-minute stream of words from the same artificial language studied by Saffran et al., the tamarins oriented to a speaker more often when it played sequences of syllables that straddled a word boundary than when it played a sequence of syllables that made up a complete word. Compare this finding to the results reported by Saffran et al. (see Figure 4.2). What do these results suggest about the use of statistical cues for segmenting words?

Develop critical thinking skills to question and critically analyze scientific claims and research findings.

Distinguish between various research designs in psychology (experimental, correlational, descriptive) and their respective attributes.

Understand the theory of internal and external validity in relation to experimental designs and the concepts of confounding variables and experimenter expectancies.

Identify and apply different methods for defining and measuring variables in psychological research.

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Definitions:

Mechanical Ventilator

A device used to assist or control breathing by delivering air into the lungs.

Sputum Specimen

A sample of mucus and other materials expelled from the upper respiratory tract, collected for laboratory analysis.

Deep Breaths

The act of inhaling deeply and fully, often used as a relaxation technique or to improve lung function after surgery or illness.

Ineffective Airway Clearance

A state in which an individual is unable to clear secretions or obstructions from the respiratory tract to maintain a clear airway.