A Client Is Scheduled to Have Open-Heart Surgery

question 9

Multiple Choice

A client is scheduled to have open-heart surgery. His physical condition is such that he is at high risk to experience complications during the procedure, but he has not been advised of this possibility. Which of the following ethical concepts has been ignored in rendering care for this client?

• A) Beneficence
• B) Autonomy
• C) Justice
• D) Informed consent

---

Definitions:

Authoritarian

A style of governance, or in psychological terms, a parenting style characterized by strict discipline, demanding obedience, and limited warmth or responsiveness.

Expectations

Preconceived ideas or anticipations about future events or outcomes.

Maturity

A psychological state that signifies emotional and psychological growth and the ability to react to situations and relationships in an appropriate manner.

Rough-And-Tumble Play

A form of play that involves physical activities such as running, tumbling, and play fighting, often observed among children and considered important for social development.