In What Ways Did Sultan Abdul Hamid II Attempt to Exploit

question 18

Essay

In what ways did Sultan Abdul Hamid II attempt to exploit the concept of Pan-Islam for his own political and diplomatic objectives?

---

Definitions:

Political Parties

Political parties are organized groups of people with similar political ideologies and goals, working together to gain political power and influence government policies.

Mass Media Coverage

The dissemination of news and information on a large scale to a wide audience via channels such as television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet.

Vicarious Reinforcement

A psychological concept where individuals learn and modify behaviors by observing the consequences of others' actions without directly experiencing them.

Constant Encouragement

Ongoing support and motivation aimed at inspiring individuals or groups to continue a course of action or to achieve goals.