At the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century, Some People Placed

question 56

Multiple Choice

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, some people placed signs with crudely painted skeletons holding cell phones near roadways, usually facing freeway ramps. These signs indicated disapproval of using cell phones while driving, a practice some states have now made illegal. As a result of these laws:

• A) almost no one violates the norm of not talking on a cell phone while driving.
• B) talking on a cell phone when driving is taboo.
• C) the norm of not talking on a cell phone while driving is informal.
• D) there are no real sanctions that can be used to enforce the norm of not talking on a cell phone while driving.
• E) an informal norm has become a law.

---

Definitions:

Interpersonal

Relating to interactions or relationships between people.

Contingency Management

Contingency Management is a behavior modification technique where desired behaviors are reinforced through tangible rewards or the removal of negative consequences.

Counterconditioning

A behavior therapy technique where a maladaptive response is replaced with a more desirable one by associating the feared stimulus with a new, positive response.

Stimulus Control

A behavior modification technique that involves changing the environment to manage the stimuli that trigger undesirable behaviors, thereby reducing or eliminating those behaviors.