Individuals Who Conceive of Deviance as a Role Rather Than

question 9

Multiple Choice

Individuals who conceive of deviance as a role rather than as an isolated behavior sometimes initiate the labeling process against themselves. What is this called?

• A) violation phobia
• B) nonconformity
• C) deviance avowal
• D) deviance desistance
• E) deviophilia

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Definitions:

Utility Maximization

An economic principle suggesting that individuals or firms seek to allocate their resources in a way that maximizes their utility or satisfaction.

Income Effect

The change in an individual's consumption resulting from a change in real income, impacting purchasing power and spending habits.

Substitution Effect

occurs when consumers replace more expensive items with less costly alternatives as their relative prices change.

Diminishing Marginal Utility

A concept in economics stating that as a person increases consumption of a product, there is a decline in the marginal utility (satisfaction or benefit) that person derives from consuming each additional unit of that product.