Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt Explored

question 78

Multiple Choice

Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt explored the lives of homeless and runaway teens in the Midwest. The authors found that "associating with deviant peers" had a dramatic effect on a wide range of deviant behaviors, including increasing "the likelihood of serious substance abuse almost 32 times." What theory of deviance considers the way such interpersonal relationships help to predict deviant behavior?

• A) self-fulfilling prophecy
• B) deviance avowal
• C) retreatism
• D) differential association
• E) labeling theory

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Definitions:

Nonessential Modifiers

Descriptors that are not absolutely necessary to have been included in the physician’s notes and are provided simply to further clarify a code description; optional terms.

Brackets

Used in writing and mathematics to enclose words or numbers for clarity.

Parentheses

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NOS

Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) is a term used in medical coding and diagnosis to indicate conditions or symptoms that don't fit into specific categories based on the information available.