Stanley Fish Argues Against Older Understandings of Media and Literature

question 54

Multiple Choice

Stanley Fish argues against older understandings of media and literature, which held that a text is unchanging and universal. But although he argues that each member of an audience can interpret and so "create" a work, he doesn't claim that each audience member has absolute freedom to interpret in unique ways because:

• A) each member of an audience is part of a larger interpretive community.
• B) the author or creator of a work imposes his own ideas on the audience.
• C) the "texts" an audience consumes are transmitted unaltered and absorbed straight into their consciousness.
• D) most members of an audience have specialized training that allows them to understand what an author means.
• E) the mass media can influence the public by the way stories are presented.

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Definitions:

Total Assets Ratio

A financial metric used to assess the proportion of a company's assets that are financed by its shareholders.

Average Total Assets

Average total assets is a metric that represents the average value of all the assets owned by a company over a specific time period, indicating the company's asset size and usage efficiency.

Financing Activities

Transactions that involve raising capital and repaying investors, influencing the equity and debt of a company.

Operating Activities

Activities that constitute the primary or main activities of a business, directly related to its operations and core business activities.