We Have Finally Discovered Life on Venus For Fun, You Have Used New Molecular Biology Techniques to a Newly

question 106

Essay

We have finally discovered life on Venus.NASA scientists are investigating a newly discovered life form: a single-celled organism found in the swampy canals.You have been contracted by NASA to perform an electrophysiology study.Using intracellular electrodes to measure the electrical charge inside the cell, you find it has a resting membrane potential of -45 mV when the outside fluid is arbitrarily set to 0 mV.Additionally, you have determined ion concentrations and listed them below.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \begin{array} { l } { [ ]\text { in } } \\\text { mOsm/L }\end{array} & \text { Cell } & \text { Swamp } \\\hline \mathrm { K } ^ { + } & 5 & 150 \\\hline \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } & 15 & 175 \\\hline \mathrm { Cl } - & 40 & 40 \\\hline\end{array}$$
For fun, you have used new molecular biology techniques to insert protein channels into the cell membrane that allow only Na? and Cl? to pass.Predict which ion(s)will move.Tell what direction it (they)will move and what force(s)is/are acting on it (them).

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Definitions:

Renal Pelvis

The funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and channels it into the ureter.

Renal Cortex

The outer portion of the kidney where most of the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules are found, involved in the filtration of blood.

Renal Medulla

The innermost part of the kidney composed of renal pyramids and tubules, crucial for the concentration and regulation of urine.

Ureter

A pair of muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.