Draw Graphs Showing the Effect on Action Potentials in a Cell

question 83

Essay

Draw graphs showing the effect on action potentials in a cell following effective doses of each of the listed neurotoxins.Assume that the cell is normally brought to threshold by an electrical stimulus applied to it, so that any abnormality is due to the toxin.Precise values for voltage and duration are not important, just a general trend in how the action potential may be different from normal.
1.puffer fish poison (blocks voltage-gated sodium channel activation)
2.tetraethylammonium (blocks voltage-gated potassium channels)
3.ouabain (blocks sodium-potassium pumps)
4.sea anemone toxin (blocks voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation)

---

Definitions:

Narrative Transportation

The phenomenon whereby an individual becomes engrossed in a story, leading to changes in attitudes or behavior that align with the narrative.

Brand's Story

The narrative a brand creates to communicate its values, history, and purpose, helping to build emotional connections with consumers.

Social Stance

An organization's or individual's position or viewpoint on social issues.

Brand Story

is a narrative that envelops the facts and feelings created by a brand to share its values, mission, and purpose, building a deeper connection with its audience.