Stimuli for the Activation of the RAS Pathway Include

question 41

Multiple Choice

Stimuli for the activation of the RAS pathway include

• A) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron only.
• B) a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule only.
• C) high blood pressure in the renal artery only.
• D) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.
• E) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron, a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule, and high blood pressure in the renal artery.

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Definitions:

MHC class I

Molecules found on the surface of all nucleated cells that present peptide fragments derived from the cell's internal proteins to the immune system.

Intracellular Viruses

Viruses that exist and replicate inside the cells of a host organism.

Immunoglobulin

A class of proteins comprising antibodies that play a central role in the immune response by identifying and neutralizing pathogens.

Antigen

Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or resistance to infection or toxic substances after a latent period; substance that stimulates the specific immune system; also called epitope.