Create a Flow Chart Illustrating the Development of Bipotential Reproductive

question 53

Essay

Create a flow chart illustrating the development of bipotential reproductive structures in an XY individual and an XX individual, indicating the stimuli for development or regression of the structures.Add to this chart the changes that occur at puberty and their stimuli.Finally, indicate the points on the chart at which anomalies associated with the following conditions occur:
A.testicular feminization or androgen insensitivity (XY genotype, permanent female external morphology with internal testes and androgen production but faulty androgen receptors);
B.male pseudohermaphrodites (XY genotype and external female morphology with internal testes, and masculinization occurring at puberty);
C.congenital adrenal hyperplasia (XX genotype with normal female internal organs, masculinized external organs observed at birth);
D.sexual development is similar in nonhuman mammals, but there are some interesting pathologies not seen in humans.A freemartin occurs in cattle twins, with one male and one female.The male is normal but the XX female is sterile, born masculinized, and has testicular tissue.Explain the most likely cause of this masculinized phenotype, and indicate on your chart the point or points at which something abnormal occurred.

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Definitions:

Distal Convoluted Tubule

A portion of the nephron in the kidney where the final adjustments in urine composition are made, involving selective reabsorption and secretion.

Nephron Loop

A U-shaped part of the nephron in the kidney that extends from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule, playing a crucial role in concentrating urine and conserving water.

Marginal Subcontracting Cost

The additional cost incurred for outsourcing a unit of production or service beyond the regular capacity or capability of the business.

Layoff Cost

The expenses associated with terminating employees, including severance pay, benefits continuation, and costs associated with changing the workforce.