How Did Early Twentieth-Century Anthropology Differ from the Anthropology Practiced

question 52

Multiple Choice

How did early twentieth-century anthropology differ from the anthropology practiced in nineteenth-century Europe?

• A) Twentieth-century anthropologists' research focused on kinship and religion, whereas nineteenth-century anthropologists were more interested in economics and politics.
• B) Whereas twentieth-century anthropologists took a four-field approach to understanding culture, nineteenth-century anthropologists were mostly interested in material culture.
• C) Nineteenth-century anthropologists were mostly interested in present-day cultures as they existed, but twentieth-century anthropologists were interested in the processes by which cultures changed.
• D) Nineteenth-century anthropologists conducted long-term fieldwork, but twentieth-century anthropologists tended to rely on explorers' accounts.

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Definitions:

Primary Groups

Small social groups whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships, such as families and close friends.

Secondary Groups

Secondary groups are larger, more formal social groups in which the personal, emotional connections are weaker, and relationships are often temporary and goal-oriented.

Symbolic Interaction Theory

A framework in sociology that focuses on the meanings individuals ascribe to objects, events, and behaviors, stemming from social interaction.

Social Organizations

Groupings of individuals coming together to achieve common goals or undertake common tasks, structured according to roles and relationships.