Below Is Selected Information from Marker's 2012 Financial Statements $\text { Selected Income Statement Data - for the year ending December 31, 2012: }$

question 28

Multiple Choice

Below is selected information from Marker's 2012 financial statements:
$\begin{array}{lrr}&\text { As of Dec.31, } 2012&\text { Dec. 31, } 2011\\\text { Cash and short-term investments } & \$ 958,245 & \$ 745,800 \\\text { Accounts Receivable (net) } & 125,850 & 135,400 \\\text { nventories } & 195,650 & 175,840 \\\text { Prepaid Expenses and other current assets } & 45,300 & 30,860\\{\text { Total CurrentAssets }} & \$ 1,325,045 & \$ 1,087,900 \\\text { Plant, Property and Equipment, net } & 1,478,320 & 1,358,700 \\\text { Intangible Assets } & 125,600 & 120,400 \\\text { Total Assets }& \$ 2,928,965&\$ 2,567,000 \\\\ \\\text { Short-term borrowings } & \$ 25,190 & \$ 3,108 \\\text { Current portion of long-term debt } & 45,000 & 40,000 \\\text { Accounts payable } & 285,400 & 325,900 \\\text { Accrued liabilities } & 916,722 & 705,89 \\\text { ncome taxes payable } & 125,400 & 115,600\\\text { Total Current Liabilities } & \$ 1,397,712 & \$ 1,225,499 \\\text { Long-term Debt } & 450,000 & 430,000 \\\text { Total Liabilities } & \$ 1,847,712 & \$ 1,655,499 \\\text { Shareholders' Equity } & \$ 1,081,253 & \$ 911,501\\\text { Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity}&\$ 2,928,965 & \$ 2,567,000 \\\end{array}$


$\text { Selected Income Statement Data - for the year ending December 31, 2012: }$
$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{l}\text { Net Sales } \\\text { Cost of Goods Sold } \\\text { Operating Income }\\\text { Net Income }\end{array}\begin{array}{r}\$ 3,210,645 \\(2,310,210) \\\$ 900,435\\\$ 324,850\end{array}\end{array}$


$\text { Selected Statement of Cash Flow Data - for the year ending December } 31,2012 \text { : }$
$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{lll}\text {Cash Flows from Operations }\\\text {interest Expense }\\\text {Income Tax Expense}\end{array}\begin{array}{lll}\$ 584,750 \\42,400 \\114,200\end{array}\end{array}$
-Marker's 2012 Long-term Debt to Shareholders' Equity ratio is:

• A) 31.4%
• B) 29.4%
• C) 34.0%
• D) 45.8%

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral principle where the removal of an unfavorable event or outcome strengthens the behavior that led to its removal.

Punishment

The weakening (decrease in frequency) of a response because it is followed by the arrival of a (presumably) unpleasant stimulus.

Noxious Stimulus

An unpleasant or harmful stimulus that causes discomfort or pain.

Aversive Stimulus

An unpleasant or harmful stimulus used to reduce or eliminate an undesirable behavior.