A Patient Has Heart Failure and Cardiac Output Is Decreased

question 2

Multiple Choice

A patient has heart failure and cardiac output is decreased. Which formula can the nurse use to calculate cardiac output?

• A) Myocardial contractility * Myocardial blood flow
• B) Ventricular filling time/Diastolic filling time
• C) Stroke volume * Heart rate
• D) Preload/Afterload

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Definitions:

Cognitive Arousal Theory

A theory suggesting that emotions are a result of the interaction between cognitive interpretations of a situation and levels of physiological arousal.

Appraisal

An evaluation process through which an individual assesses the significance of a particular situation, event, or stimulus.

Physical Arousal

A bodily state of increased physiological activity or readiness, often accompanied by heightened emotions and senses.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

This theory suggests that facial movements can influence emotional experience. For example, smiling can make you feel happier.