The Yield of ATP from the Complete Oxidation of Glucose

question 31

Multiple Choice

The yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of glucose is lower in muscle and brain from that in kidney, liver, and heart because

• A) there are fewer mitochondria in muscle and brain cells
• B) muscle and brain cells have a lower requirement for ATP
• C) different shuttle mechanisms operate to transfer electrons from the cytosol to the mitochondrion in the two sets of tissues
• D) none of the above

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Definitions:

Neutral Stimulus

An initially inactive stimulus that, through association, acquires the capacity to evoke a conditioned response.

Higher Order Conditioning

A process in behavioral psychology where a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second-level conditioned response.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.

Operant Conditioning

A process of behavioral adjustment where the level of an action is modified through the application of rewards or punishments.