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Compare and contrast the tools available to presidents to influence the bureaucracy? Which one, do you think, is most effective and why? Even with these tools, are presidents able to consistently affect bureaucratic performance? Why or why not?
Nonprogrammed Decisions
Decisions that are unique, require custom solutions, and are typically made in response to situations that are novel, unstructured, and not anticipated.
Programmed Decisions
Decisions that are routine and repetitive, often automated, and based on established policies or procedures.
Decision Rules
Guidelines or criteria used to select from among alternatives in decision-making processes, often simplifying the evaluation of options.
Computer Analyses
The process of examining data using computer programs to discover information, make decisions, or solve problems.
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