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Compare and Contrast the Tools Available to Presidents to Influence

question 240

Essay

Compare and contrast the tools available to presidents to influence the bureaucracy? Which one, do you think, is most effective and why? Even with these tools, are presidents able to consistently affect bureaucratic performance? Why or why not?


Definitions:

Nonprogrammed Decisions

Decisions that are unique, require custom solutions, and are typically made in response to situations that are novel, unstructured, and not anticipated.

Programmed Decisions

Decisions that are routine and repetitive, often automated, and based on established policies or procedures.

Decision Rules

Guidelines or criteria used to select from among alternatives in decision-making processes, often simplifying the evaluation of options.

Computer Analyses

The process of examining data using computer programs to discover information, make decisions, or solve problems.

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