Trace the History of Affirmative Action in Higher Education

question 119

Essay

Trace the history of affirmative action in higher education. What has the Court typically upheld in its rulings? What has it typically struck down?

---

Definitions:

Forced Distributions

A performance evaluation method where employees are ranked and rated according to a predetermined distribution curve, often to identify top performers, average performers, and underperformers.

360-Degree Performance

A method of performance assessment where an employee is evaluated by feedback from supervisors, peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients.

Supervisors

Individuals who oversee and manage the work performance of others, ensuring tasks are completed efficiently and effectively.

Subordinates

Employees who work under the supervision of a manager or superior within an organizational hierarchy.