Which Finding on Cardiovascular Assessment of an Older Adult Patient

question 10

Multiple Choice

Which finding on cardiovascular assessment of an older adult patient warrants further evaluation?

• A) Occasional ectopic beats heard on auscultation of the heart
• B) Murmur heard over the mitral valve
• C) Systolic pressure of 156 in the right arm and 188 in the left arm
• D) Persistent S4 sound in a patient with a history of decreased ventricular function

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Definitions:

Concrete Operational Thought

Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions.

Formal Operational Thought

The final stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget), characterized by the ability to think abstractly, logically, and systematically.

Imaginary Audience

A psychological concept where an individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are enthusiastically listening to or watching them.

Invincibility Fable

A cognitive bias often found in adolescents, believing themselves to be immune to common dangers.