In the Equation $$Y _ { i } = \alpha _ { j } + \beta _ { j } X _ { j } + \varepsilon _ { j }$$

question 55

Essay

In the equation $$Y _ { i } = \alpha _ { j } + \beta _ { j } X _ { j } + \varepsilon _ { j }$$ ,how do the various variables and coefficients relate to heterogeneity?

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