Recent Analysis of the Membranes of Sponge Cells Suggests a Closer

question 37

Multiple Choice

Recent analysis of the membranes of sponge cells suggests a closer relationship to other animals than previously suspected; if sponges are actually within the eumetazoan clade, as shown in the diagram below, it would require that they possess _____ at some point in their life history.

• A)bilateral symmetry
• B)a blastopore
• C)true tissues
• D)sexual reproduction

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Definitions:

Flooding

In behavior therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into a feared situation until his or her panic subsides.

Counterconditioning

A behavior therapy technique where a positive response is conditioned to replace a negative or undesirable response to a stimulus.

Unconditional Positive Regard

A concept in client-centered therapy proposing that therapists should accept and support their clients without judgment.

Reinforcer

Any stimulus that strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response or behavior.