Why Did Garibaldi Compromise with Cavour in 1860

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The Answer is Giuseppe Garibaldi, a key figure in the Italian Risorgimento, compromised with Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1860 for several reasons that were both practical and strategic in the context of the unification of Italy.

1. **Political Pragmatism**: Garibaldi was a fervent nationalist and republican, but he was also a realist. He recognized that Cavour's diplomatic and political skills were essential in the unification process. Cavour had already succeeded in expanding the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia through the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859, which resulted in the annexation of Lombardy and other territories. Garibaldi understood that Cavour's approach could further the cause of unification.

2. **Avoiding Civil War**: After Garibaldi's successful campaign in Sicily and Naples with his volunteer force, the Red Shirts, there was a risk of a clash between his forces and those of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Garibaldi, despite his popularity and military success, did not want to ignite a civil war among Italians, as his ultimate goal was to unite them against foreign rule and not to fight among themselves.

3. **International Pressure**: The European powers, particularly France and Britain, were closely watching the events in Italy. Cavour was adept at navigating the complex international politics of the time. By compromising with Cavour, Garibaldi ensured that the unification process would not provoke a negative reaction from these powers, which could have led to intervention and a potential setback for the unification movement.

4. **Monarchical Support**: Cavour was a monarchist and supported the idea of a unified Italy under the House of Savoy. Garibaldi, despite his republican ideals, was willing to accept a monarchy if it meant achieving Italian unification. He put his trust in King Victor Emmanuel II, believing that a constitutional monarchy could serve as a temporary solution until Italy could eventually become a republic.

5. **Personal Respect**: Despite their differing political views, Garibaldi respected Cavour and recognized his leadership qualities. He believed that Cavour's statesmanship was vital for the success of the unification project.

6. **The Meeting at Teano**: The symbolic meeting between Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II at Teano on October 26, 1860, marked the culmination of Garibaldi's campaign and his willingness to hand over the territories he had conquered to the Sardinian king. This act of compromise was crucial in paving the way for the declaration of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

In summary, Garibaldi's compromise with Cavour in 1860 was driven by his desire to see Italy unified, his recognition of the need for political pragmatism, his wish to avoid internal conflict, his understanding of international dynamics, and his respect for Cavour's abilities as a statesman. This compromise was a significant step towards the eventual unification of Italy under a single crown.

Why Did Garibaldi Compromise with Cavour in 1860

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