Examlex
Explain principal-agent relationships.
Null Hypothesis
The default hypothesis that there is no significant difference or relationship between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.
Directional Alternative
A hypothesis that outlines the anticipated direction in the variation or association among variables.
T-statistic
A T-statistic is used in statistical testing to determine the significance of the difference between the means of two groups relative to the spread or variability of their scores.
Means
Statistical measures that represent the average value in a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of all numbers by the count of numbers.
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