If Firms Were Faced with Greater Uncertainty Because of Concern

question 116

Multiple Choice

If firms were faced with greater uncertainty because of concern that oil prices might rise,they might decrease expenditures on capital.In response to this change,someone who advocated "lean against the wind" policies might advocate

• A)decreasing the money supply.
• B)increasing taxes.
• C)increasing government expenditures.
• D)None of the above is correct.

Grasp the principles of operant conditioning, including shaping and avoidance learning.

Identify and explain learned helplessness, including its causes and effects.

Understand the concept of taste aversion learning and its unique properties.

Appreciate the role of observational learning and the impact of model behavior.

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Definitions:

Salient

Referring to something that is prominent, significant, or conspicuous in a particular context.

Extinction

In behavioral psychology, the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the reinforcement is no longer offered.

Punishment

A consequence applied to decrease or eliminate an unwanted behavior, typically involving either physical or psychological discomfort.

Shaping

A behavioral conditioning technique that involves reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior.