The Formulas for Some Measures of Association Can Result in Coefficients

question 68

Multiple Choice

The formulas for some measures of association can result in coefficients with either positive or negative signs.Under which of the following circumstances can those signs be meaningfully interpreted?

• A)whenever the data are expressed as frequencies
• B)when the data are measured at the nominal level
• C)when the data are measured at the ordinal level
• D)whenever the data have a modal category
• E)whenever the data are expressed as percentages

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Definitions:

Covenants

Agreements or clauses, especially in contracts and property leases, that stipulate actions the parties must perform or avoid.

Monitoring

The process of systematically observing, checking, and recording activities or data to ensure standards are met or progress is being made.

Moral Hazard

The situation where one party is more likely to take risks because they do not bear the full consequences of their actions.

Shirking

Avoiding or neglecting duties, responsibilities, or work, often covertly, to reduce personal effort while still receiving compensations or benefits.