Between the Late 1960s and 2009, the Achievement Scores of American

question 363

Multiple Choice

Between the late 1960s and 2009, the achievement scores of American students

• A) fell.
• B) did not change.
• C) rose slightly.
• D) rose substantially.

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Definitions:

Population Variation

Differences or variability within and among populations in terms of genetics, physical characteristics, behavior, or phenomena.

Sample Size

Refers to the number of observations or data points that are used in a statistical sample for the purpose of estimation or hypothesis testing.

Null Hypothesis

A default position that posits no effect or no difference exists between groups or variables in a given study.

P-value

The p-value is a statistical measure that indicates the probability of the observed data, or more extreme, given that the null hypothesis is true, used in hypothesis testing.