Characteristic X-Ray Photons Result

question 31

Multiple Choice

Characteristic x-ray photons result:

• A) when an outer-shell electron is knocked out
• B) when an inner-shell electron is knocked out
• C) when outer-shell electrons fill the vacancy in an inner shell
• D) B and C

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Definitions:

Marginal Social Cost

The additional cost imposed on society as a whole by producing one extra unit of a good or service.

Pollution

The addition of pollutants to the natural surroundings, leading to harmful alterations.

Environmental Standard

Regulations and criteria set by authorities aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of various activities, such as emissions levels and waste management protocols.

Quantity of Pollution

The measurable amount of pollutants or contaminants released into the environment, often subject to regulatory limits.