It Is Likely That Many Published Studies Represent Random Fluctuations

question 139

Multiple Choice

It is likely that many published studies represent random fluctuations in data,rather than true phenomena.How do scientists guard against this possibility?​

• A)They recalculate the statistics of the published study.
• B)​They ask for replications of surprising results.
• C)​They accuse the author of fraud if the results seem surprising.
• D)​They disbelieve any result that does not have a strong theoretical basis.

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Costs that do not vary with the level of production or business activity, remaining constant even when output changes.

Variable Cost

Expenses that change in proportion to the activity or volume of business.

Persons Served

A term often used in service delivery and nonprofit sectors to refer to the number of individuals who receive services or benefits from a program.

Cost Behavior

Refers to the way different types of production costs change when there is a change in the level of production.