​How Is a Girl Affected If She Was Exposed to Above-Average

question 4

Multiple Choice

​How is a girl affected if she was exposed to above-average levels of testosterone before birth?

• A)She is more likely than average to like the toys that boys usually like.
• B)​She is more likely than average to be shy around strangers.
• C)​She is more likely than average to be good at recognizing emotional expressions.
• D)​She is more likely than average to have a strong sex drive.

Understand the key components and measures of expectancy theory, including expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Identify the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes as described in expectancy theory.

Distinguish between different motivational theories, including McClelland's acquired needs theory, Alderfer's ERG theory, and goal-setting theory.

Apply expectancy theory to practical situations in motivating staff and improving work performance.

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Definitions:

Voltage-Gated

Referring to ion channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical potential across a cell membrane.

Sodium Channels

Proteins located in cell membranes that facilitate the passage of sodium ions into and out of the cell, essential for processes such as nerve impulse transmission.

Action Potential

A temporary reversal of an electric membrane potential, which propagates along the membrane of a nerve cell or muscle cell.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and fills ventricles within the brain.