Multicellularity and Large Body Size of Eukaryotic Organisms Requires High

question 16

Multiple Choice

Multicellularity and large body size of eukaryotic organisms requires high metabolic rates and efficient ATP production by aerobic respiration.How did bacteria change Earth's atmosphere to enable aerobic respiration?

• A)Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
• B)Splitting of water during anaerobic respiration by cyanobacteria dramatically increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
• C)Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria decreased the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere,leading to simultaneous increase of oxygen.
• D)Anaerobic respiration by cyanobacteria increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere by reducing the amount of iron oxides that are able to react instantly with oxygen.

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Definitions:

Labor Efficiency Variance

A measure of the difference between the actual hours worked and the standard hours expected, to produce a certain level of output.

Labor Rate Variance

The difference between the actual labor costs and the budgeted or standard labor costs, often due to differences in wage rates or work hours.

Standard Cost System

An accounting system that assigns predetermined costs to products and services, which are then compared to actual costs for variance analysis.

Direct Materials

Raw materials that are directly traceable to the manufacturing of a product and are a significant portion of production costs.