Smaller Hippocampal Volume in Depressed Individuals Has Been Linked to

question 8

Multiple Choice

Smaller hippocampal volume in depressed individuals has been linked to

• A) cortisol hypersecretion.
• B) reduced cortisol secretion.
• C) positive feedback excitation of the HPA axis.
• D) acute stress.
• E) reduced ACTH secretion from the pituitary gland.

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Definitions:

Zero-Coupon Bond

A bond that is sold at a discount to its face value and pays no interest before maturing, at which point its face value is repaid to the holder.

Discount Rate

The interest rate used to calculate the present value of future cash flows, representing the opportunity cost of capital.

Higher-Yield Bonds

Bonds that offer higher interest rates because they have lower credit ratings, indicating higher risk of default compared to more secure bonds.

Longer Maturities

Refers to bonds or other fixed-income securities that have a longer time until the final repayment date.