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A manager in the quality control division makes the following statement: "Our company's employee handbook makes it clear that the company's performance depends on effective leadership, and that all leaders at our company have managerial authority. Since my position as a manager in the quality control division clearly gives me managerial authority, I must be a leader in this company, and my leadership will guarantee the company's strong performance." The manager's argument assumes all of the following except which?
Representation Heuristic
A cognitive shortcut in which judgments are made based on how much one thing resembles another.
Elimination by Aspect
A decision-making process where options are eliminated based on the absence of desired characteristics.
Anchoring with Adjustment
A cognitive heuristic where an individual bases their initial estimate or decision on an initial value (anchor) and makes adjustments from that point to reach a conclusion.
Us vs. Them Heuristic
A cognitive bias that categorizes individuals or groups into an 'in-group' or an 'out-group,' influencing social behavior and decision making.
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