While Testing the Chemiosmotic Theory Across the Domains of Life

question 43

Multiple Choice

While testing the chemiosmotic theory across the domains of life, researchers prepared "inside-out" vesicles from bacterial plasma membranes, mitochondrial internal membranes, and chloroplast thylakoids. An inside-out vesicle is a

• A) vesicle in which the F1 subunit of the proton-ATPase faces outward.
• B) membrane in which the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids face outward.
• C) cell that has been enzymatically stripped of its cell wall.
• D) preparation of outer membranes in Gram-negative bacteria, chloroplast envelopes, and mitochondria outer membranes.
• E) preparation from bacterial cytoplasm, chloroplast stroma, and mitochondrial matrix.

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Definitions:

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