Cooper and Fazio (1984) Postulate That Four Steps Must Occur

question 80

Multiple Choice

Cooper and Fazio (1984) postulate that four steps must occur for people to experience and attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as one of those steps?

• A) People have to feel very little guilt about the action.
• B) People have to perceive personal responsibility for the action.
• C) People have to perceive that there are negative consequences to their attitude-discrepant action.
• D) People have to attribute their arousal to the action in question.

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Definitions:

Gender And Race

Intersecting social constructs that influence the experiences, opportunities, and challenges faced by individuals, highlighting how gender and race jointly shape societal roles and perceptions.

Black Women

Refers to women of African descent or who identify as part of the African diaspora, emphasizing their unique cultural, historical, and socio-political experiences.

Racial And Sexual Hierarchies

Social structures that privilege certain races and genders over others, affecting access to power, resources, and opportunities in society.

Racism And Heterosexism

Interconnected systems of oppression based on race and sexual orientation, respectively, where prejudice and discrimination against people of color and LGBTQ+ individuals are maintained.