Explain Donaldson and Scannell's Four-Stage Model for Managers' Progression in Managing

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The Answer is Donaldson and Scannell, authors of Human Resource Development: The New Trainer's Guide, have developed a four-stage model to describe how managers progress in managing a diverse workforce.
In the first stage, known as "unconscious incompetence," managers are unaware of behaviors they engage in that are problematic for members of other groups.
In the second stage, "conscious incompetence," managers go through a learning process in which they become conscious of behaviors that make them incompetent in their interactions with members of diverse groups.
The third stage is one of becoming "consciously competent." Managers learn how to interact with diverse groups and cultures by deliberately thinking about how to behave.
In the last stage, "unconscious competence," managers have internalized these new behaviors and feel so comfortable relating to others different from themselves that they need to devote little conscious effort to doing so. Managers who have progressed to the "unconscious competence" stage will be the most effective with respect to interacting in a diverse workforce. Effective interaction is key to carrying out the four management functions of planning, organizing, influencing, and controlling.

Explain Donaldson and Scannell's Four-Stage Model for Managers' Progression in Managing

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