The Use of the Classical, Behavioral and Management Science Approaches

question 72

Multiple Choice

The use of the classical, behavioral and management science approaches as sources of information to analyze the management system is referred to as ________.

• A) open-system management
• B) democratic management
• C) triangular management
• D) middle-level management
• E) lower-level management

---

Definitions:

Variable Costing

An accounting method that includes only variable production costs (direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead) in the cost of goods sold and treats fixed overhead expenses as period costs.

EBITDA

An acronym for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization, indicating a company's financial performance by measuring its profitability without considering financial, accounting, and tax effects.

Operating Income

The income generated from a company's primary business activities, before subtracting any interest and tax expenses.

Contribution Margin

The difference between the sales revenue of a product and its variable costs, used to cover fixed costs and generate profit.