Results of Laboratory Experiments with Adults (E

question 15

Multiple Choice

Results of laboratory experiments with adults (e.g., Bower & Hilgard, 1981) suggest that the one reason why threats of punishment do not seem to deter violent crime in the "real world" is that in the criminal justice system, punishment is

• A) seldom severe enough.
• B) seldom swift or certain.
• C) excessively harsh.
• D) seldom administered fairly.

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Definitions:

Subway Map

A graphical representation designed to illustrate the routes and stations within a public metro or underground railway system.

Ball Sports

A category of sports that involve the use of a ball in play, including games like soccer, basketball, and tennis.

Category

A class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics.

Mental Map

An individual's personal, cognitive representation of a spatial environment.