In a Series of Experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) Had

question 145

Multiple Choice

In a series of experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) had both African-American and white students at Stanford University take a verbal test.In one condition, the test was described as a valid measure of intelligence, and in the other condition, the test was described as neither a reliable nor valid measure of intelligence.In the former condition, African Americans performed more poorly than did white students because

• A) African American students were overwhelmed by a fear of success.
• B) African American students experienced stereotype threat.
• C) White students were determined that African American students would not "outscore" them.
• D) African American students shared the cultural stereotype.

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Definitions:

Overlapping Systems

Intersecting social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, affecting an individual's or group's experience and opportunities.

Class Position

The rank or standing of an individual within the hierarchy of social class, often determined by factors like wealth, occupation, and education.

Stratification

The arrangement or classification of something into different groups or layers, often based on socioeconomic status.

Wealth

The monetary value of everything one actually owns.